On the 13-hour Continental flight 89 from Newark to Beijing, I read Red Scarf Girl: A Memoir of the Cultural Revolution. Author Ji-Li Jiang tells the story of being a 12-year-old victim of the fervor of socialist revolutionaries, whose principles condemn her family for its wealth and social position. Red scarves, worn by schoolchildren, represented loyalty to the revolution.
I sat by the window on the plane, the middle seat was empty, and on the aisle sat a friendly Chinese man. I showed him the book, and his happy face turned solemn as soon as I uttered the words “Cultural Revolution.” He was once a red scarf boy.
“I was in sixth grade when the Cultural Revolution began,” he said. There was a long pause, as I waited for him to tell me about it. “My father was a landlord,” he said finally.
That’s something like admitting you were a Jew in Germany in 1940. In China in the mid-1960s, landlords represented exploitation of the working classes, oppression, and corrupt family money; they were the enemies of the class struggle surging through the country. Consequently, they were universally reviled and terrorized by the masses.
Another long pause, with no eye contact. Then, quietly, “It was a terrible time.”
Jian Chao is exactly the same age as Ji-Li Jiang, but far less willing to discuss his experiences. I want to ask him questions, but he seems so sad that I hesitate to open the old wounds.
Finally, he speaks again. “After elementary school, I couldn’t go to junior high. The Communist Party secretary said, ‘This boy, a landlord’s son, cannot go.’”
I ask, what happened? “A few packs of cigarettes.” He smiles sheepishly, palms up in a gesture of surrender and offering. That’s what it took to get into junior high. A similar bribe got him into high school. After that, he worked as a farmer for four years while Mao’s rule continued.
“I kept reading, though,” he said. “Not novels. I read books about math and physics. I hoped that I would not always be a farmer.” Then, as abruptly as the Cultural Revolution began, it ended. With Deng Xiaoping installed as the new leader, a college entrance exam gave students more equal opportunity for further education.
Jian Chao studied geophysics in Changchun for six years, then worked in Beijing before receiving a life-changing invitation: to engage in research in Denver. Now, he works for an oil corporation in Houston and has lived in America for 18 years. He and his wife, who is an accountant, have a daughter studying finance at New York University, a 14-year-old consumed with internet games, and a little boy who misbehaves in kindergarten. This is his first trip back to visit his parents in China in two years.
I looked over and saw that he was taking advantage of the in-flight entertainment options by watching Clifford. Yes, the cartoon about a Big Red Dog. Maybe his younger son likes it. Or maybe this is what farmers-turned-geophysicists do to relax.